Marine transportation occurrences in 2022

The TSB gathers and uses transportation occurrence data during the course of its investigations to analyze safety deficiencies and identify risks in the Canadian marine transportation system.

This statistical summary serves to describe the accident, incident, and injury counts that are presented in the included tables. It provides limited discussion and some context but is not intended to be an in-depth analysis of the data.

It should be noted that certain characteristics of the data constrain statistical analysis and identification of emerging trends. These include the small totals of accidents and incidents, the large variability in the data from year to year, and changes to regulations and definitions. The reader is cautioned to keep these limitations in mind when viewing this summary to avoid drawing conclusions that cannot be supported by statistical analysis.

The 2022 data were collected according to the reporting requirements described in the Transportation Safety Board Regulations in force during that calendar year.

The statistics presented here reflect the TSB Marine Safety Information System (MARSIS) database at 27 February 2023. Since the occurrence data are constantly being updated in the live database, the statistics may change slightly over time.

Also, as many occurrences are not formally investigated, information recorded on some occurrences may not have been verified.

Accidents

Overview of accidents and casualties

In 2022, 241 marine accidents^{Footnote 1} were reported to the TSB, up from the 2021 total of 220 but below the 10-year (2012 to 2021) average of 276 (Figure 1). In 2022 the proportion of shipping accidents (as opposed to accidents aboard ship) was 82% of marine accidents, equal to the previous 10-year average.

There were 197 shipping accidents in 2022, up from the 2021 total of 177 but down 13% from the 2012 to 2021 average of 226. The majority of shipping accidents involved fishing vessels (30%), followed by solid cargo vessels (23%) (data not shown).

In 2022, there were 44 accidents aboard ship, compared to 43 in 2021, down from the 2012 to 2021 average of 50. The majority of accidents aboard ship occurred on fishing vessels (36%) and cargo/tanker vessels (26%) (data not shown).

Casualties (tables 1, 6 and 7)

In 2022, 7 marine fatalities were reported, down from the 11 fatalities reported in 2021, and below the annual average of 15 in the 2012 to 2021 time period. Of the 7 fatalities in 2022, 2 were the result of 2 shipping accidents, while the remaining 5 fatalities resulted from 5 accidents aboard ship (Figure 2).

Of note, 1 shipping accident fatality in 2022 involved a commercial fishing vessel, and 2 of the fatalities that ensued from accidents aboard ship occurred aboard commercial fishing vessels. These data indicate that more still needs to be done to improve safety in the commercial fishing industry.

Serious injuries in 2022 totalled 40, down from 45 in 2021 and down from the annual average of 49 from 2012 to 2021. Thirty-three of the 40 serious injuries (83%) resulted from accidents aboard ship, and 7 resulted from shipping accidents.

Shipping accidents

Type of accident (Table 1)

As illustrated in Figure 3, the most frequent types of shipping accidents in 2022 were collision (32% of all accident types reported), grounding (25%) and fire/explosion (17%). The total number of collisions (64) was 18% less than the 10-year (2012 to 2021) average of 79, the number of groundings (49) was 13% below the 10-year average of 56 and the number of fire/explosion accidents (33) was 6% below the 10-year average of 35.

Type of vessel (Table 1)

Sixty-one fishing vessels were involved in shipping accidents in 2022, up from 49 in 2021 but down from the 2012 to 2021 average of 79 (Figure 4). Fishing vessels represented 27% of all vessels involved in shipping accidents.

Geographical region (Table 2)

In 2022, 48% of shipping accidents occurred in the Pacific region, 27% in the Central region, and 23% in the Atlantic region. Less than 2% of shipping accidents were in foreign waters.^{Footnote 2} In the Pacific region in 2022, shipping accidents were unchanged from the 2012 to 2021 average, in the Central region shipping accidents were 18% below the 2012 to 2021 average, and in the Atlantic region shipping accidents were 21% below the 2012 to 2021 average (Figure 5).

Twenty-eight fishing vessels were involved in shipping accidents in the Atlantic region, which is below the 2012 to 2021 average of 41 fishing vessels. Thirty-three cargo/tanker vessels were involved in shipping accidents in the Central region, below the 2012 to 2021 average of 36. Twenty-one barge/tug vessels were involved in shipping accidents in the Pacific region, below the 2012 to 2021 average of 27 (Table 2).

Vessel flag (tables 1, 3, and 4)

In 2022, 76% of the 229 vessels involved in shipping accidents reported to the TSB were Canadian-flag vessels. Of these Canadian-flag vessels, 49% were commercial non-fishing vessels and 34% were fishing vessels; the remaining 17% were non-commercial vessels, pleasure craft or service vessels.

Accident rates

According to information provided by Transport Canada^{Footnote 3}, marine activity for Canadian commercial non-fishing vessels over 15 gross tons (GT) (excluding passenger vessels and cruise ships) was 147.303 million commercial vessel-km in 2022, which is 10% above the 2013 to 2021 average.^{Footnote 4} This yields a rate of 3.0 shipping accidents per million commercial vessel-km in 2022, lower than the prior 9-year average of 4.0.

According to information provided by Transport Canada, there were 15 011 active fishing vessels in Canada in 2022 ^{Footnote 5}. The shipping accident rate for Canadian-flag fishing vessels (Figure 7) was 3.8 shipping accidents per 1000 active fishing vessels in 2022, above the rate of 3.1 in 2021, but below the 2012 to 2021 average of 5.5.

For Canadian-flag fishing vessels, the most frequently reported shipping accident types in 2022 were grounding (41%), sinking (29%) and fire/explosion (17%). Canadian-flag commercial non-fishing vessels were most often involved in collisions (54%), groundings (17%), or fire/explosions (17%).

In 2022, 36 foreign-flag vessels were involved in shipping accidents in Canadian waters, 35 of which were commercial non-fishing vessels. According to information provided by Transport Canada,^{Footnote 6} marine activity for foreign commercial non-fishing vessels over 15 GT was 20 022 thousand commercial vessel-km in 2022, above the 2013 to 2021 average of 18 873 thousand commercial vessel-km. This yields an accident rate of 1.6 shipping accidents involving commercial foreign-flag vessels over 15 GT per million commercial vessel-km, unchanged from the 2013 to 2021 average.

Vessels lost (tables 1 and 5)

In 2022, 12 vessels were reported lost, down from 15 in 2021 and down from the 2012 to 2021 average of 17. Eight of the 12 vessels lost in 2022 were fishing vessels. Seven of the 12 vessels lost were less than 15 GT (including 2 with unknown tonnage). In the past 10 years (2013 to 2022), fishing vessels under 60 GT have accounted for 60% of Canadian vessels lost (tables 1 and 5, some data not shown).

Incidents

Overview of incidents

In 2022, 968 marine incidents were reported to the TSB, up from the total of 856 in 2021 and above the annual 10-year (2012 to 2021) average of 776.^{Footnote 7} Incidents in the Atlantic region (348) represented 36% of all marine incidents, followed by 35% (339) in the Central region, and 28% (272) in the Pacific region. The remaining 1% (9) of reported incidents occurred in foreign waters (Table 2).

The majority (82%) of reportable incidents involved the total failure of any machinery or technical system (Figure 8).^{Footnote 8} The largest proportion of these incidents (40%) occurred in the Atlantic region, while the greatest proportion of incidents involving risk of collision (66%) occurred in the Central region (data not shown). The types of vessel most often involved in total failure of any machinery or technical systems incidents in 2022 were fishing vessels (51%) and solid cargo vessels (23%) (data not shown).

* Due to rounding of percentages in category labels, additions across incident types should be calculated from Table 1 data rather than by adding percentages shown in Figure 8.

Data tables

Definitions

The following definitions apply to marine transportation occurrences that are required to be reported pursuant to the Canadian Transportation Accident Investigation and Safety Board Act and the Transportation Safety Board Regulations.

Marine occurrence

• any accident or incident associated with the operation of a ship
• any situation or condition that the Board has reasonable grounds to believe could, if left unattended, induce an accident or incident described above.

Marine accident

An accident resulting directly from the operation of a ship other than a pleasure craft, where

Accident aboard ship

• a person is killed or sustains a serious injury as a result of
  • boarding, being on board or falling overboard from the ship, or
  • coming into direct contact with any part of the ship or its contents;

Shipping accident

• the ship
  • sinks, founders or capsizes,
  • is involved in a collision (includes strikings and contacts),
  • sustains a fire or an explosion,
  • goes aground, or
  • sustains damage that affects its seaworthiness or renders it unfit for its purpose,
  • is missing or abandoned;

Marine incident

• a person falls overboard from the ship, or
• the ship
  • makes unforeseen contact with the bottom without going aground,
  • fouls a utility cable or pipe, or an underwater pipeline,
  • is involved in a risk of a collision,
  • sustains a total failure of
    • the navigation equipment if the failure poses a threat to the safety of any person, property or the environment,
    • the main or auxiliary machinery, or
    • the propulsion, steering, or deck machinery if the failure poses a threat to the safety of any person, property or the environment;
• all or part of the ship’s cargo shifts or falls overboard, or
  • is anchored, grounded or beached to avoid an occurrence,
• a crew member whose duties are directly related to the safe operation of the ship is unable to perform their duties as a result of a physical incapacitation which poses a threat to the safety of persons, property or the environment;
• there is an accidental release on board or from the ship consisting of a quantity of dangerous goods or an emission of radiation that is greater than the quantity or emission levels specified in Part 8 of the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations.

Serious injury

(a)  a fracture of any bone, except simple fractures of fingers, toes or the nose;

(b)  lacerations that cause severe hemorrhage or nerve, muscle or tendon damage;

(c)   an injury to an internal organ;

(d)  second or third degree burns, or any burns affecting more than 5% of the body surface;

(e)  a verified exposure to infectious substances or injurious radiation; or

(f)   an injury that is likely to require hospitalization.

Vessels covered

This report covers commercial vessels that include all vessels either registered or licensed to operate commercially. Pleasure craft occurrences are not normally included unless they also involved a commercial vessel.

Vessel categories

• Commercial Vessels: include cargo vessels, ferries, passenger vessels, tugs and barges
• Fishing Vessels: include vessels involved in commercial fishing
• Other Vessels: include research vessels, oil exploration, exploitation and support vessels, government vessels and pleasure craft

Miscellaneous

Gross tons (GT)

A measure of vessel capacity in cubic feet of the spaces within the hull, and of enclosed spaces above deck available for cargo, stores, fuel, passengers and crew, with certain exclusions. One hundred cubic feet is equivalent to one gross ton.

Movement

A vessel’s travel segment between ports or a length of 1 km or more within a port or harbor, with at least one port being a domestic port.

TSB regional offices’ areas of responsibility

Pacific Region’s area of responsibility consists of the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, the Yukon and the Northwest Territories south of the 70th parallel, as well as the waters adjacent to these provinces and territories.

Central Region’s area of responsibility consists of the provinces of Ontario and Quebec (including the Magdalen Islands), the territory of Nunavut, and the Northwest Territories north of the 70th parallel, as well as James Bay, Hudson Bay, the St. Lawrence Seaway, and the Great Lakes waterways up to the Canada–U.S. border.

Atlantic Region’s area of responsibility consists of the provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador, as well as the waters adjacent to these provinces.