MARINE STATISTICS - 2002

Foreword

This document provides users of Canadian maritime safety data with an annual summary of selected statistics on marine occurrences. It covers all vessels registered or licensed to operate commercially. Pleasure craft occurrences are not normally included unless they also involved a commercial vessel.

Users of these statistics are advised that, in a live database, occurrence data are constantly updated. Consequently, statistics can change slightly over time. Further, as many occurrences are not formally investigated, information recorded on some occurrences may not have been verified. Therefore, caution should be used when utilizing these statistics. The 2002 statistics presented here reflect the TSB database updated as of 10 March 2003.

To enhance awareness and increase the safety value of the material presented in the TSB Statistical Summary, Marine Occurrences 2002, readers are encouraged to copy or reprint in whole, or in part, for further distribution of the data presented (with acknowledgements of the sources).

The TSB is an independent agency operating under its own Act of Parliament. Its sole aim is the advancement of transportation safety.

Comments on this document can be forwarded to the following address:

Transportation Safety Board of Canada
Information Strategies and Analysis Directorate
Place du Centre
200 Promenade du Portage
4th Floor
Gatineau, Quebec
K1A 1K8

Telephone (819) 994-3741
Facsimile (819) 997-2239
E-mail: communications@bst-tsb.gc.ca

© Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada 2003
Cat. No. TU1-1/2002
ISBN 0-662-67170-8

MARINE OCCURRENCES IN 2002

ACCIDENTS

Overview of Accidents and Casualties (Table 1)

In 2002, 483 marine accidents involving 517 vessels were reported to the TSB. Of these, 447 (93%) were shipping accidents; the remainder were accidents aboard ship (see Appendix A - Definitions).

The 2002 total of 447 reported shipping accidents represent a decrease of 2% compared to 2001, and a decrease of 10% compared to the 1997-2001 average of 494.

In general, the number of shipping accidents has been declining since 1993 (Figure 1). Using linear regression to identify general trends in occurrence data reported to the TSB over the ten-year period from 1993-2002, a significant downward trend1 in the number of shipping accidents was identified (p<.001).

In 2002, 88% of the vessels involved in shipping accidents reported to the TSB were Canadian-flag vessels. Forty-eight percent of these were fishing vessels, which continue to represent the largest share of Canadian-flag vessels involved in shipping accidents over the last 10 years (Figure 2). The number of Canadian-flag vessels involved in shipping accidents generally decreased over the 1993-2002 period, with an average annual decline of 6% from 695 ships in 1994 to 422 in 2002.

The 2002 total of 59 accident-involved foreign-flag vessels represents a 23% reduction from the 2001 total of 77. Of those 59, 86% were commercial vessels. The reduction in the number of foreign-flag vessels involved in shipping accidents from 1993 to 2002 is equivalent to an average decline of 7% per year from the 1994 total of 157.

As in most years since 1993, the most frequent types of shipping accidents (all flags) in 2002 were groundings, strikings, fires and/or explosions, and floodings (Figure 3). Compared to the five-year averages, propeller/rudder/structural damage has increased significantly (from 29 to 43), groundings have increased slightly (from 127 to 129), whereas founderings/sinkings have decreased (from 34 to 26), fires and/or explosions have decreased (from 71 to 52), and strikings have decreased (from 83 to 71).

Since 1993, about 50% of the vessels involved in shipping accidents have been fishing vessels. In 2002, there were 237 fishing vessels involved in shipping accidents, which represents a 4% decrease compared to 2001, and a 11% reduction from the 1997-2001 annual average of 267. The number of accident-involved fishing vessels decreased by nearly one-half from the 1994 total of 444. Proportionately, the next largest categories of accident-involved vessels (all flags) in 2002 were bulk carriers/OBO2 vessels (12%) and tugs/barges (11%). In 2002, there were 55 tugs/barges involved in accidents, which represents a 18% decrease compared to 2001, and a 20% reduction from the five-year average of 69. In 2002, ferry/passenger vessels and tankers accounted for 10% and 2% of accident-involved vessels respectively. Generally, occurrences involving these vessels pose a greater threat to the public and the environment.

In 2002, 29 vessels were reported lost, a 43% decrease from the 51 lost in 2001. More than one-half of the vessels lost in 2002 were vessels of 15 tons or less in gross tonnage (grt)3.

In addition to shipping accidents, an annual average of 65 accidents aboard ship were reported to the TSB between 1997 and 2001. The 2002 total of 36 accidents aboard ship was 45% lower than the five-year average.

There were 27 marine-related fatalities in 2002 (Figure 4), lower than the 1997-2001 annual average of 33. Injuries in 2002 numbered 73, lower than the 1997-2001 annual average of 82.

Distribution of Shipping Accidents

Geographical Region (Tables 2a and 2b): In 2002, more than half of the shipping accidents occurred in 2 of the 7 geographical regions: the Western Region (31%), and the Maritimes Region (27%) (Figure 5). The number of vessels lost was also highest in these regions. Fishing vessel accidents dominated the accident record in these coastal waters. In the Western Region, tug- and barge-related accidents were also common. The Laurentian, Newfoundland and Central regions accounted for 13%, 13% and 12% of shipping accidents respectively; within narrower waterways, accidents most often involved larger commercial vessels, such as cargo/OBO vessels and tankers. The remaining 3% of shipping accidents took place in Foreign Waters or in the Arctic Region. Only in the Maritimes Region did accidents increase compared to the 1997-2001 annual average (to 121 from 97).

In the Newfoundland Region in 2002, 48 fishing vessels were involved in accidents compared to 58 in 2001. This represents a 25% reduction from the 1997-2001 annual average of 64. In the Maritimes Region, 96 fishing vessels were involved in accidents in 2002, a 28% increase from the 2001 total and 1997-2001 annual average of 75.

Canadian-flag Vessels (Table 3): Of the 422 Canadian-flag vessels involved in shipping accidents in 2002, 231 were fishing vessels. From 1993 to 2002, 27% of fishing vessel accidents were groundings. In 2002, 140 commercial vessels were involved in shipping accidents. Between 1993 and 2002, 28% of commercial vessel accidents were striking accidents. The 2002 Canadian commercial vessel accident rate was 4.29 accidents per 1000 trips, representing a 20% increase from the 1997-2001 annual average of 3.57 accidents per 1000 trips. The remaining 51 Canadian vessels involved in accidents in 2002 were non-commercial/pleasure craft or service vessels. More than half of the accidents reported from 1993 to 2002 involving these types of vessels were strikings (24%), groundings (15%), or fires/explosions (14%).

Foreign-flag Vessels (Table 4): A total of 59 foreign-flag vessels were involved in shipping accidents in Canadian waters in 2002; 51 of these were commercial vessels. Between 1993 and 2002, half of foreign-flag commercial vessel accidents were strikings (34%) or groundings (17%). The 2002 foreign-flag commercial vessel accident rate was 1.61 accidents per 1000 trips, representing a 23% decrease from the 1997-2001 annual average of 2.09 accidents per 1000 trips.

Operating Certificates (Table 5): Master/skipper and operator marine certificate statistics for Canadian vessels involved in shipping accidents show the following: commercial vessels are usually under the command of persons with certificates of competency; skippers and operators of fishing vessels often do not have marine certificates; and masters and operators of other vessels usually hold certificates as required. When foreign-flag vessels are involved, they are usually under the command of persons with certificates of competency.

Age and Type of Vessels Lost (Table 6): In 2002, 29 vessels were reported lost (Figure 6), 22 fewer than in 2001. Of those, 7 were commercial vessels and 18 were fishing vessels. Nearly one-third of the vessels lost in 2002 were at least 30 years old. During the past 10 years, small fishing vessels (under 15 grt) accounted for the largest proportion of vessels lost in Canada.

INCIDENTS

Overview of Incidents (Tables 1, 2a, 2b and 9)

Pursuant to mandatory reporting requirements, 173 marine incidents were reported to the TSB in 2002; 66 fewer than in 2001, but 24 fewer than the 1997-2001 annual average of 197.

Last year, west coast incidents represented 49% of all marine incidents, up from the previous five-year average of 39%. The percentage by region, was as follows: Central 16%, the Maritimes 15%, Laurentian 13% and Newfoundland 3%. The remaining 3% of reported incidents took place in Foreign Waters or in the Arctic Region.

COLLISIONS AND CLOSE-QUARTERS SITUATIONS

Most of the 217 close-quarters situations reported over the last five years involved either fishing vessels (140 vessels), non-commercial/pleasure craft (116 vessels) or cargo/bulk carrier/OBO vessels (100 vessels). Many also involved tugs/barges with fishing vessels or other tugs/barges. Although 140 fishing vessels (26% of all vessels involved in this incident type) were involved in close-quarters situations over the last five years, actual collisions involved 79 fishing vessels (48% of all 166 collision-involved vessels) over that time, and of those 79 fishing vessels, 58 collided with another fishing vessel. Other more common collisions were cargo/bulk carrier/OBO vessels with other cargo/bulk carrier/OBO vessels, as well as tugs/barges with other tugs/barges. (Table 9)

Table 1 - Total Marine Occurrences Types,Vessels, and Losses Involved 1993-2002

	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002
Shipping Accidents by Type	710	796	698	607	534	491	536	450	458	447
Collision	27	40	20	20	15	15	22	16	16	15
Capsizing	20	18	27	19	21	13	6	15	6	14
Foundering / Sinking	43	56	55	42	36	28	32	38	37	26
Fire / Explosion	81	91	85	98	73	65	70	64	84	52
Grounding	168	176	159	143	126	128	146	123	114	129
Striking	113	112	138	90	88	85	85	68	88	71
Ice damage	35	30	15	22	23	11	10	6	4	2
Propeller / Rudder / Structural Damage	86	89	57	50	30	25	40	31	19	43
Flooding	48	94	79	61	69	69	65	51	70	52
Other	89	90	63	62	53	52	60	38	20	43
Accidents Aboard Ship	67	67	56	58	60	59	69	77	59	36
Vessels Involved in Shipping Accidents
By Type of Vessel	779	881	779	657	576	534	581	492	506	481
Cargo	41	48	34	29	21	26	26	25	31	23
Bulk Carrier / OBO	132	141	123	98	61	68	73	59	57	57
Tanker	25	26	15	24	13	18	14	14	12	9
Tug	44	57	51	45	38	42	42	33	39	24
Barge	34	42	51	43	31	25	35	30	28	31
Ferry	29	28	27	22	17	23	22	26	24	21
Passenger	20	17	22	21	16	27	20	20	16	26
Fishing	380	444	389	322	319	251	280	238	246	237
Service Vessel	31	44	36	24	30	27	35	23	27	19
Non-commercial	32	23	28	15	13	19	14	13	18	20
Other	11	11	3	14	17	8	20	11	8	14
By Vessel Flag	779	881	779	657	576	534	581	492	506	481
Canadian (Non-fishing)	258	272	281	233	178	204	220	179	197	191
Canadian (Fishing)	368	423	372	308	308	243	273	227	232	231
Foreign	153	186	126	116	90	87	88	86	77	59
Vessels Lost by Gross Tonnage	89	88	82	60	60	49	45	37	51	29
1600 grt and over	0	0	2	0	0	1	1	0	1	1
150 to 1599 grt	5	2	3	1	5	2	3	2	3	1
60 to 149 grt	5	7	7	7	6	6	5	3	8	4
15 to 59 grt	26	20	25	22	16	14	7	13	15	7
Less than 15 grt	39	35	32	20	21	16	21	16	18	12
Unknown Tonnage	14	24	13	10	12	10	8	3	6	4
Fatalities	35	40	39	25	24	48	29	31	34	27
Shipping Accidents	25	28	28	12	12	38	14	16	17	18
Accidents Aboard Ship	10	12	11	13	12	10	15	15	17	9
Injuries	102	81	82	71	84	80	84	94	70	73
Shipping Accidents	38	22	35	22	25	22	23	23	18	38
Accidents Aboard Ship	64	59	47	49	59	58	61	71	52	35
Reportable Incidents by Type	218	228	199	132	155	165	178	248	239	173
Close-quarters Situation	81	79	67	36	36	38	34	57	60	28
Engine / Rudder / Propeller	77	82	73	39	64	66	74	105	99	57
Cargo Trouble	4	7	9	8	6	9	1	5	4	5
Personal Incidents	4	6	7	8	4	3	5	6	8	8
Other	52	54	43	41	45	49	64	75	68	75

Table 2a - Marine Occurrences by Region Occurrences, Losses, and Vessels Involved 1993-2002

	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002
Western Region
Shipping Accidents	264	299	247	208	183	196	168	166	158	139
Accidents Aboard Ship	19	20	11	15	18	14	18	32	29	15
Vessels Involved in Shipping Accidents by Type of Vessel	298	346	278	218	202	213	181	177	179	155
Cargo / OBO / Tanker	25	18	9	9	13	10	11	9	10	3
Ferry / Passenger	9	15	13	14	12	14	10	18	15	18
Tug / Barge	49	58	44	43	29	44	40	44	39	32
Fishing	195	234	194	142	133	128	102	93	98	78
Other	20	21	18	10	15	17	18	13	17	24
Vessels Lost	40	41	37	30	20	25	19	14	22	13
Fatalities	17	19	14	8	7	6	10	10	12	10
Incidents	91	69	51	43	41	54	57	110	122	85
Central Region
Shipping Accidents	60	85	105	79	59	64	54	46	67	55
Accidents Aboard Ship	10	4	3	5	5	8	5	7	3	3
Vessels Involved in Shipping Accidents by Type of Vessel	75	91	122	89	65	67	59	54	78	61
Cargo / OBO / Tanker	40	62	70	62	34	35	38	33	42	33
Ferry / Passenger	9	7	11	4	5	13	7	7	13	13
Tug / Barge	5	8	18	12	14	10	8	3	11	11
Fishing	3	6	6	3	7	1	1	1	2	1
Other	18	8	17	8	5	8	5	10	10	3
Vessels Lost	1	2	1	0	3	0	1	0	0	0
Fatalities	1	4	8	1	0	1	2	2	9	9
Incidents	16	26	29	16	21	24	16	32	26	28
Laurentian Region
Shipping Accidents	130	155	103	78	63	64	72	60	59	60
Accidents Aboard Ship	12	20	15	7	9	8	12	7	9	6
Vessels Involved in Shipping Accidents by Type of Vessel	139	168	117	91	66	73	78	66	63	62
Cargo / OBO / Tanker	81	85	62	46	29	37	38	33	28	32
Ferry / Passenger	13	11	6	9	5	10	11	9	5	7
Tug / Barge	7	16	17	7	11	6	14	4	9	5
Fishing	23	34	19	17	15	12	9	14	13	13
Other	15	22	13	12	6	8	6	6	8	5
Vessels Lost	3	6	7	2	5	2	4	2	2	3
Fatalities	1	0	4	4	3	9	5	1	2	2
Incidents	61	79	70	39	48	53	29	51	39	23
Maritimes Region
Shipping Accidents	142	175	151	143	107	87	118	85	90	121
Accidents Aboard Ship	8	12	14	11	9	12	17	10	10	5
Vessels Involved in Shipping Accidents by Type of Vessel	148	191	163	155	114	95	128	95	97	128
Cargo / OBO / Tanker	19	27	11	18	9	11	5	5	4	7
Ferry / Passenger	7	9	9	10	9	7	6	5	3	5
Tug / Barge	7	13	16	14	7	5	8	3	4	3
Fishing	107	124	121	100	77	59	92	73	75	96
Other	8	18	6	13	12	13	17	9	11	17
Vessels Lost	28	28	31	17	16	8	11	10	12	12
Fatalities	9	2	4	8	7	8	9	4	6	1
Incidents	37	31	36	15	19	17	35	35	33	26

Table 2b - Marine Occurrences by Region Occurrences, Losses, and Vessels Involved 1993-2002

	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002
Newfoundland Region
Shipping Accidents	86	61	67	70	105	59	94	73	69	58
Accidents Aboard Ship	12	10	6	14	15	11	11	20	5	5
Vessels Involved in Shipping Accidents by Type of Vessel	91	62	72	72	110	59	101	76	72	60
Cargo / OBO / Tanker	14	8	4	2	3	6	7	5	4	6
Ferry / Passenger	9	3	8	2	1	3	5	5	4	4
Tug / Barge	7	3	3	2	3	0	3	3	0	0
Fishing	52	42	48	58	84	48	76	56	58	48
Other	9	6	9	8	19	2	10	7	6	2
Vessels Lost	16	9	6	10	15	13	10	9	15	0
Fatalities	5	7	6	3	7	24	1	9	4	5
Incidents	5	16	11	12	24	12	33	15	12	5
Arctic Region
Shipping Accidents	10	9	10	14	2	5	15	8	4	2
Accidents Aboard Ship	2	1	2	3	0	2	3	0	0	0
Vessels Involved in Shipping Accidents by Type of Vessel	10	9	10	14	2	5	17	8	4	2
Cargo / OBO / Tanker	5	5	3	6	0	2	3	5	3	0
Ferry / Passenger	2	0	2	3	1	1	3	1	0	0
Tug / Barge	2	0	0	2	0	0	2	0	1	2
Fishing	0	2	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	0
Other	1	2	4	2	0	2	9	1	0	0
Vessels Lost	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	1
Fatalities	0	8	0	0	0	0	0	4	0	0
Incidents	5	5	1	2	0	1	1	2	1	1
Foreign Waters
Shipping Accidents	18	12	15	15	15	16	15	12	11	12
Accidents Aboard Ship	4	0	5	3	4	4	3	1	3	2
Vessels Involved in Shipping Accidents by Type of Vessel	18	14	17	18	17	22	17	16	13	13
Cargo / OBO / Tanker	14	10	13	8	7	11	11	8	9	8
Ferry / Passenger	0	0	0	1	0	2	0	1	0	0
Tug / Barge	1	1	4	8	5	2	2	6	3	2
Fishing	0	2	0	1	2	3	0	0	0	1
Other	3	1	0	0	3	4	4	1	1	2
Vessels Lost	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
Fatalities	2	0	3	1	0	0	2	1	1	0
Incidents	3	2	1	5	2	4	7	3	6	5
Foreign Occurrences
Accidents	21	14	10	9	10	10	14	16	12	6
Vessels Involved	26	17	11	12	11	11	14	16	13	6
Vessels Lost	5	3	0	0	2	0	1	2	1	0
Fatalities	36	71	0	6	10	1	8	20	7	950
Incidents	0	0	2	1	5	2	3	3	3	0

Table 3 - Canadian-flag Vessels Involved in Shipping Accidents by Vessel Category and Type of Accident (including Commercial Accident Rate)1993-2002

	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002
Commercial Vessels	189	202	215	184	127	156	157	136	146	140
Collision	11	13	12	20	9	13	11	7	8	8
Capsizing	5	5	8	8	8	2	2	6	1	3
Foundering / Sinking	10	18	13	15	5	13	8	9	14	11
Fire / Explosion	14	16	14	28	19	17	16	17	15	14
Grounding	34	33	32	28	26	43	40	32	31	40
Striking	50	49	95	41	33	32	40	37	43	36
Ice Damage	8	9	3	5	4	2	3	1	2	0
Propeller / Rudder / Structural Damage	9	12	9	7	4	1	4	2	7	9
Flooding	6	10	4	9	4	12	4	9	7	5
Other	42	37	25	23	15	21	29	16	18	14
Trips *	47,106	49,142	52,281	43,053	43,502	44,654	41,051	40,076	34,664	32,632
Accident Rate **	4.01	4.11	4.11	4.27	2.92	3.49	3.82	3.39	4.21	4.29
Fishing Vessels	368	423	372	308	308	243	273	227	232	231
Collision	23	38	17	8	12	8	21	15	11	19
Capsizing	11	7	14	9	10	8	3	5	3	5
Foundering / Sinking	33	36	40	27	27	12	22	23	21	11
Fire / Explosion	57	62	54	52	48	33	37	32	57	27
Grounding	109	110	99	88	73	63	74	71	60	70
Striking	32	35	24	12	23	30	15	8	12	12
Ice Damage	8	10	8	14	17	9	6	3	2	1
Propeller / Rudder / Structural Damage	36	27	28	36	25	13	30	20	7	29
Flooding	41	77	69	51	58	52	55	42	56	41
Other	18	21	19	11	15	15	10	8	3	16
Other Vessels	69	70	66	49	51	48	63	43	51	51
Collision	11	10	3	7	6	3	9	3	7	3
Capsizing	5	5	4	6	1	3	1	4	0	6
Foundering / Sinking	0	4	4	2	2	2	1	6	3	3
Fire / Explosion	7	11	9	11	4	6	10	8	8	7
Grounding	9	14	5	4	9	8	13	5	9	6
Striking	17	8	25	11	10	11	12	11	18	14
Ice Damage	2	1	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0
Propeller / Rudder / Structural Damage	4	5	3	1	1	3	2	1	1	1
Flooding	1	2	4	1	4	2	3	0	4	3
Other	13	10	9	6	12	10	12	5	1	8
Total	626	695	653	541	486	447	493	406	429	422

* Based on data from Transport Canada, the TSB calculated the number of trips that best reflects the actual level of activity. Note that 2002 data are estimates.

** The accident rate is the number of Canadian commercial vessels involved in shipping accidents per 1000 trips in domestic and international trade.

Table 4 - Foreign-flag Vessels Involved in Shipping Accidents by Vessel Category and Type of Accident (including Commercial Accident Rate) 1993-2002

	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002
Commercial Vessels	136	157	108	98	70	73	75	71	61	51
Collision	5	11	6	5	3	3	2	5	5	1
Capsizing	0	0	1	0	3	0	0	0	0	0
Foundering / Sinking	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0
Fire / Explosion	1	4	4	7	5	7	6	6	6	4
Grounding	15	18	19	15	14	16	16	12	14	12
Striking	35	37	36	38	27	27	31	27	28	19
Ice Damage	17	10	4	3	0	0	1	2	0	1
Propeller / Rudder / Structural Damage	37	44	18	6	0	8	4	7	4	4
Flooding	0	2	1	0	2	2	2	0	1	2
Other	25	30	19	24	15	9	13	12	3	8
Trips *	33,527	31,722	32,316	32,485	33,010	33,554	33,627	34,232	33,231	31,671
Accident Rate **	4.06	4.95	3.34	3.02	2.12	2.18	2.23	2.07	1.84	1.61
Fishing Vessels	12	21	17	14	11	8	7	11	14	6
Collision	3	4	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	0
Capsizing	0	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
Foundering / Sinking	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	0
Fire / Explosion	2	1	4	1	1	2	0	1	1	0
Grounding	3	6	7	12	6	2	3	5	3	4
Striking	2	1	2	0	1	2	2	1	4	1
Ice Damage	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Propeller / Rudder / Structural Damage	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Flooding	0	3	1	0	1	1	1	0	2	1
Other	2	3	1	1	1	0	0	2	1	0
Other Vessels	5	8	1	4	9	6	6	4	2	2
Collision	1	2	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0
Capsizing	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
Foundering / Sinking	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
Fire / Explosion	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0
Grounding	0	3	0	1	0	1	2	1	0	0
Striking	3	2	1	0	5	4	0	1	0	0
Ice Damage	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Propeller / Rudder / Structural Damage	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Flooding	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other	1	1	0	3	3	1	2	1	0	1
Total	153	186	126	116	90	87	88	86	77	59

* Based on data from Transport Canada, the TSB calculated the number of trips that best reflects the actual level of activity. Note that 2002 data are estimates.

** The accident rate is the number of foreign-flag commercial vessels involved in shipping accidents per 1000 trips in domestic and international trade.

Table 5 - Masters, Skippers and Operators Involved in Shipping Accidents by Vessel Flag and Crew Qualification 1993-2002

	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002
Canadian-flag Vessels
Commercial Vessels	215	230	242	205	155	177	177	156	153	157
Master Foreign-going	22	21	14	24	19	15	15	8	13	11
ON1	10	11	12	16	15	19	10	16	8	13
ON2	0	2	2	1	1	0	0	1	0	0
CN1	6	12	6	10	9	16	2	4	6	11
CN2	30	35	6	7	8	10	12	6	6	1
Master - Ferry	4	2	0	0	1	2	1	2	1	3
Watchkeeping Mate	9	9	12	13	20	18	18	15	8	20
Other	46	34	15	25	22	17	44	25	28	32
Unknown	34	33	4	16	12	11	12	9	15	15
No Certificate	2	2	7	2	1	2	1	0	2	0
No Record on Master	52	69	164	91	47	67	62	70	66	51
Fishing Vessels	371	423	362	308	308	244	275	227	228	230
Fishing Master - Class 1	5	3	1	0	1	3	2	3	4	2
Fishing Master - Class 2	6	3	1	6	10	1	3	3	3	7
Fishing Master - Class 3	9	20	5	17	16	8	10	12	9	17
Fishing Master - Class 4	14	8	12	20	18	9	13	12	22	19
Fishing - Other Certificate	5	12	5	3	2	1	0	5	1	4
Watchkeeping Mate	4	2	2	3	1	1	0	1	4	3
Other	7	2	2	3	5	0	2	3	1	1
Unknown	152	172	35	78	96	41	23	41	27	17
No Certificate	65	49	44	33	16	22	5	8	28	51
No Record on Master	104	152	255	145	143	158	217	139	129	109
Other Vessels	69	72	70	51	55	51	64	45	51	53
Master Foreign-going	3	5	2	3	5	4	13	5	10	10
ON1	1	3	6	9	7	4	3	4	1	2
ON2	2	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	0
CN1	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	2	0
CN2	3	7	2	1	1	0	0	0	1	0
Watchkeeping Mate	1	3	2	6	8	5	0	4	8	5
Other	19	16	8	8	12	12	14	7	4	6
Unknown	20	15	3	5	4	2	8	0	4	2
No Certificate	5	6	0	1	1	2	1	0	0	2
No Record on Master	14	17	47	18	15	20	23	24	20	26
Foreign-flag Vessels
Commercial Vessels	139	152	98	89	66	72	74	68	63	49
Master Foreign-going	74	78	37	39	31	38	36	45	36	24
CN2	3	3	0	2	1	1	0	1	0	1
Other	7	6	7	15	19	10	7	3	5	2
Unknown	9	25	6	5	1	9	6	5	3	9
No Certificate	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
No Record on Master	46	40	48	28	15	14	25	14	19	13
Fishing Vessels	13	21	17	14	11	9	7	11	14	6
Fishing Certificate	3	4	0	0	1	1	0	4	2	1
Unknown	5	9	4	7	2	5	2	1	0	1
No Certificate	2	4	4	2	0	0	0	0	0	0
No Record on Master	3	4	9	5	8	3	5	6	12	4
Other Vessels	4	9	1	6	9	6	7	4	3	2
Master Foreign-going	1	4	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0
Other	0	2	0	3	4	1	0	0	0	0
Unknown	2	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	1
No Certificate	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0
No Record on Master	1	2	1	2	4	4	4	4	3	1

Table 6 - Vessels Lost by Vessel Category and Age 1993-2002

	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002
Commercial Vessels	9	9	7	7	7	8	5	4	7	7
Unknown	2	2	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	3
0-4 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	1
5-9 years	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0
10-14 years	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
15-19 years	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
20-24 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0
25-29 years	2	2	1	1	0	2	0	0	0	0
30+ years	4	3	5	6	6	5	2	3	4	3
Fishing Vessels	78	75	72	52	51	41	39	30	44	18
Unknown	12	16	10	5	11	8	4	4	7	3
0-4 years	2	0	3	4	0	2	1	0	2	0
5-9 years	10	12	10	4	6	6	3	4	1	4
10-14 years	11	14	6	4	4	3	5	6	9	3
15-19 years	9	15	11	11	10	5	7	4	3	0
20-24 years	12	3	5	8	5	4	5	4	7	2
25-29 years	5	2	7	3	3	5	2	2	2	3
30+ years	17	13	20	13	12	8	12	6	13	3
Other Vessels	2	4	3	1	2	0	1	3	0	4
Unknown	0	3	1	0	1	0	0	2	0	1
0-4 years	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
5-9 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
10-14 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
15-19 years	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
20-24 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
25-29 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
30+ years	1	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	3
All Vessels	89	88	82	60	60	49	45	37	51	29
Unknown	14	21	12	5	12	8	5	6	7	7
0-4 years	3	0	3	5	0	2	2	0	3	1
5-9 years	10	12	10	4	6	7	3	4	2	4
10-14 years	12	15	6	4	4	3	6	6	9	3
15-19 years	9	16	11	11	12	5	7	4	3	0
20-24 years	12	3	5	8	5	4	6	5	8	2
25-29 years	7	4	8	4	3	7	2	3	2	3
30+ years	22	17	27	19	18	13	14	9	17	9

Table 7 - Accidents, Fatalities, and Injuries by Type of Accident 1993-2002

	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002
Shipping Accidents
Collision	4	6	1	1	1	2	3	1	2	3
Capsizing	9	3	11	4	6	5	2	6	3	4
Sinking / Foundering	5	3	6	5	0	5	4	7	6	3
Fire / Explosion	7	7	6	2	4	1	2	1	2	3
Grounding	5	5	2	2	3	0	3	2	2	3
Striking	2	0	3	2	6	1	2	3	4	4
Other	2	4	1	1	1	2	4	2	1	1
Total	34	28	30	17	21	16	20	22	20	21
Fatalities *
Collision	6	1	0	0	1	2	5	2	1	0
Capsizing	6	2	8	5	8	6	2	6	3	10
Sinking / Foundering	8	4	14	7	0	28	5	7	10	7
Fire / Explosion	1	0	0	0	3	0	1	0	0	0
Grounding	3	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
Striking	0	0	3	0	0	0	1	1	0	0
Other	0	17	3	0	0	2	0	0	3	0
Total	24	28	28	12	12	38	14	16	17	18
Injuries
Collision	3	8	2	1	0	0	3	0	1	3
Capsizing	15	2	11	7	2	5	0	5	1	0
Sinking / Foundering	3	0	5	3	0	14	5	5	6	4
Fire / Explosion	7	7	9	4	4	1	1	3	2	5
Grounding	5	3	4	2	4	0	3	3	3	9
Striking	3	0	4	2	12	1	4	5	5	16
Other	2	2	0	3	3	1	7	2	0	1
Total	38	22	35	22	25	22	23	23	18	38
Accidents Aboard Ship	67	67	56	58	60	59	69	77	59	36
Fatalities*
Carried Overboard	1	2	0	1	0	0	0	1	2	0
Caught by Cargo / Machinery	1	2	2	2	3	1	5	1	3	1
Fell Overboard	5	7	6	5	4	4	6	7	8	3
Fell into Tank / Hold	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0
Fell on Deck or Off Quay	0	0	1	0	0	2	0	0	2	0
Heavy Weather	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Suicide (suspected)	2	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	0
Other	1	1	0	4	5	2	3	5	2	5
Total	10	12	11	13	12	10	15	15	17	9
Injuries
Carried Overboard	0	1	2	1	2	1	0	1	3	2
Caught by Cargo / Machinery	24	15	15	18	28	24	17	33	16	10
Fell Overboard	8	7	3	2	3	3	5	4	2	1
Fell into Tank / Hold	1	3	1	0	1	2	3	2	1	1
Fell on Deck or Off Quay	7	12	9	8	10	4	9	12	8	6
Heavy Weather	2	1	1	3	1	2	0	0	2	0
Suicide (suspected)	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
Other	21	20	16	17	14	21	27	19	20	15
Total	64	59	47	49	59	58	61	71	52	35

* The total number of fatalities includes missing persons.

Note: The 1993 fatality total differs from Table 1 due to one fatality on board a U.S. pleasure craft involved in a collision with a Canadian ship in U.S. waters.

Table 8 - Accidents, Fatalities, and Injuries by Type of Vessel 1993-2002

	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002
Shipping Accidents
Cargo / OBO	3	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	0
Tanker	0	0	2	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
Tug / Barge	2	4	5	3	2	1	2	5	3	2
Fishing	20	20	16	10	10	10	10	9	11	10
Passenger	1	1	0	2	1	1	1	1	0	2
Ferry	1	0	0	0	3	0	0	1	0	2
Other	7	3	6	2	4	3	6	5	5	5
Total	34	28	30	17	21	16	20	22	20	21
Fatalities*
Cargo / OBO	1	0	0	0	0	21	1	4	0	0
Tanker	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0
Tug / Barge	0	2	4	2	0	0	0	1	4	1
Fishing	20	25	15	10	9	14	7	5	10	8
Passenger	0	1	0	0	0	2	0	2	0	4
Ferry	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other	3	0	9	0	1	1	6	4	3	5
Total	24	28	28	12	12	38	14	16	17	18
Injuries
Cargo / OBO	2	0	3	0	0	4	0	0	2	0
Tanker	0	0	3	0	2	0	0	0	0	0
Tug / Barge	2	2	5	5	4	2	4	7	2	5
Fishing	15	13	13	11	4	11	10	7	10	15
Passenger	4	2	0	2	1	2	3	0	0	1
Ferry	2	0	0	0	8	0	0	1	0	14
Other	13	5	11	4	6	3	6	8	4	3
Total	38	22	35	22	25	22	23	23	18	38
Accidents Aboard Ship
Cargo / OBO	20	24	17	13	13	16	14	15	16	9
Tanker	2	5	2	2	1	1	2	2	3	0
Tug / Barge	5	6	3	2	3	7	3	3	7	4
Fishing	27	27	19	29	27	19	28	34	23	13
Passenger	4	0	4	1	5	6	6	5	3	2
Ferry	7	3	3	2	3	1	2	4	0	4
Other	2	2	8	9	8	9	14	14	7	4
Total	67	67	56	58	60	59	69	77	59	36
Fatalities*
Cargo / OBO	0	2	5	4	1	3	4	3	3	1
Tanker	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0
Tug / Barge	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	2	4	0
Fishing	6	7	2	7	7	4	8	8	8	5
Passenger	0	0	0	0	2	1	0	1	0	0
Ferry	4	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	1
Other	0	1	1	0	2	1	1	0	1	2
Total	10	12	11	13	12	10	15	15	17	9
Injuries
Cargo / OBO	22	23	12	9	13	19	10	15	14	8
Tanker	2	8	1	4	1	1	2	2	2	0
Tug / Barge	5	5	2	2	12	6	2	3	8	5
Fishing	26	20	17	22	20	16	25	29	16	14
Passenger	4	0	5	2	3	7	8	4	4	2
Ferry	3	2	3	1	4	1	1	4	0	4
Other	2	1	7	9	6	8	13	14	8	2
Total	64	59	47	49	59	58	61	71	52	35

* The total number of fatalities includes missing persons.

Note: The 1993 fatality total differs from Table 1 due to one fatality on board a U.S. pleasure craft involved in a collision with a Canadian ship in U.S. waters.

Table 9 - Accidents, Fatalities, and Injuries by Type of Accident 1993-2002

Collisions - Number of Collisions: 84
Vessels Involved by Type of Vessel	Cargo / Bulk Carrier / OBO	Tanker	Tug / Barge	Ferry	Passenger	Fishing	Service Vessel	Non-commercial	Other	Total
Cargo / Bulk Carrier / OBO	10	1	4	0	0	4	2	3	0	24
Tanker	1	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	4
Tug / Barge	4	0	6	0	1	4	1	4	0	20
Ferry	0	0	0	2	0	2	0	4	0	8
Passenger	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	2	0	4
Fishing	4	3	4	2	1	58	3	4	0	79
Service Vessel	2	0	1	0	0	3	0	1	0	7
Non-commercial	3	0	4	4	2	4	1	2	0	20
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total	24	4	20	8	4	79	7	20	0	166
Close-quarters Situations - Number of Incidents: 217
Vessels Involved by Type of Vessel	Cargo / Bulk Carrier / OBO	Tanker	Tug / Barge	Ferry	Passenger	Fishing	Service Vessel	Non-commercial	Other	Total
Cargo / Bulk Carrier / OBO	14	1	7	5	3	22	1	45	2	100
Tanker	1	0	1	0	0	5	0	7	1	15
Tug / Barge	7	1	22	1	2	21	0	14	0	68
Ferry	5	0	1	4	6	9	0	14	0	39
Passenger	3	0	2	6	14	4	2	14	1	46
Fishing	22	5	21	9	4	72	1	6	0	140
Service Vessel	1	0	0	0	2	1	0	1	0	5
Non-commercial	45	7	14	14	14	6	1	14	1	116
Other	2	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	2	7
Total	100	15	68	39	46	140	5	116	7	536

All five-year averages have been rounded.

APPENDIX A

DEFINITIONS

The following definitions apply to marine occurrences that are required to be reported pursuant to the Canadian Transportation Accident Investigation and Safety Board Act and the associated regulations.

Marine Occurrence

1. any accident or incident associated with the operation of a ship4, and
2. any situation or condition that the Board has reasonable grounds to believe could, if left unattended, induce an accident or incident described in paragraph (a).

The Act applies:

1. in Canada; and
2. in any other place, including waters described in (c), if
   1. Canada is requested to investigate the marine occurrence by an appropriate authority,
   2. the marine occurrence involves a ship registered or licensed in Canada, or
   3. a competent witness to, or person having information concerning a matter that may have contributed to, the marine occurrence arrives or is found at any place in Canada.
3. This Act also applies in respect of marine occurrences related to an activity concerning the exploration or exploitation of the continental shelf.

Reportable Marine Incident

An incident resulting directly from the operation of a ship, other than a pleasure craft5, where:

1. a person falls overboard from the ship;
2. the ship, of one hundred gross tons or more, unintentionally makes contact with the bottom without going aground;
3. the ship fouls a utility cable or pipe, or underwater pipeline;
4. the ship is involved in a risk of collision;
5. the ship sustains a total failure of any machinery;
6. the ship sustains a shifting of cargo or a loss of cargo overboard;
7. the ship is intentionally grounded or beached to avoid an accident;
8. any crew member whose duties are directly related to the safe operation of the ship is unable to perform the crew member's duties as a result of a physical incapacitation that poses a threat to the safety of any person, property, or the environment; or
9. any dangerous goods are released on board or from the ship.

Vessels Covered

This report covers all vessels either registered or licensed to operate commercially. Pleasure craft occurrences are not normally included unless they also involved a commercial vessel.

Vessel Categories

• Commercial vessels: includes cargo vessels, ferries, tankers, passenger vessels, tugs, and barges.
• Fishing vessels: includes vessels involved in commercial fishing.
• Other vessels: includes research vessels, oil exploration, exploitation and support vessels, government vessels, and pleasure craft.

Type of Vessel

Cargo: Ships designed for the carriage of various types and forms of cargo and the combined carriage of general cargo and passengers with 12 or less fare-paying passengers.

Bulk carrier: Ships specifically designed for bulk carriage of ore or other dry cargo.

OBO (Oil/Bulk/Ore carrier): Ships specifically designed for bulk carriage of ore with additional facilities for alternative, but not simultaneous, carriage of oil or loose dry cargo.

Tanker: Propelled ships designed and constructed for the bulk carriage of liquids.

Tug: Vessels designed for the towing and pushing of ships or other floating structures. Additional activity may include salvage, fire fighting and work duties of a general nature.

Barge: Vessels designed as non-propelled units for the carriage of cargo in holds or in tanks or weather deck cargo space only for the carriage of non-perishable cargo, or specially outfitted for specific operations.

Ferry: Ships which follow a regular scheduled service of relatively short duration, designed for the carriage of passengers and vehicles. There is usually no cabin accommodation for passengers or not all passengers are accommodated in cabins where cabins are provided.

Passenger: Vessels designed for the carriage of passengers.

Fishing: Vessels designed for fishing operations and support.

Service: Vessels designed for supporting marine transportation such as icebreakers, buoy tenders, SAR vessels, pilot boats, and fireboats. Non-commercial: Vessels such as pleasure craft, seaplanes and naval vessels that are designed to conduct non-commercial activities.

Other: Vessels designed for other functions, such as laying and repair of sea bed cables, dredging, training, patrolling as well as ships and platforms designed for the extraction, processing, and storage of oil/gas from offshore wells; ships designed for the carriage of stores and cargo to offshore installations; ships outfitted for support activities related to offshore oil and gas exploration; and vessels designed for research work, such as seismic research, oceanic and hydrographic survey.

Type of Accident

Collision: An impact between two or more vessels under way.

Capsizing: To overturn.

Foundering: To fill from above the waterline and sink.

Sinking: To become submerged and settle to the bottom as a result of water intake below the waterline.

Fire: Where a fire is the first event reported.

Explosion: Where an explosion is the first event reported.

Grounding: To touch bottom and become stranded.

Striking: A hard impact with a stationary object or a vessel not under way.

Ice damage: Damage sustained as a consequence of contact with ice.

Propeller damage: Damage to a vessel propeller, propeller portion or propeller adjoining parts, affecting a vessel's seaworthiness or rendering the vessel unfit for its purpose.

Rudder damage: Damage to a vessel rudder, or rudder adjoining parts, affecting a vessel's seaworthiness or rendering the vessel unfit for its purpose.

Structural damage: Hull damage, such as cracks and fractures, sustained by a vessel affecting its seaworthiness or rendering the vessel unfit for its purpose.

Flooding: To fill a compartment below the waterline with water.

Other: Vessels lost or damaged for other reasons, including contact defined as a lateral/light impact with another vessel or an object (i.e. bottom contact affecting a vessel's seaworthiness or rendering the vessel unfit for its purpose).

Miscellaneous

Gross tons (grt): A measure of vessel capacity (in cubic feet) of the spaces within the hull, and of enclosed spaces above deck, available for cargo, stores, fuel, passengers and crew, with certain exclusions. One hundred cubic feet is equivalent to one gross ton.

Under way: Vessel neither at anchor nor made fast to shore, nor aground.

Foreign Occurrences

Marine occurrences where a foreign-flag vessel is involved in an accident or incident outside Canadian waters, but of interest to Canadian authorities, are also recorded in the TSB database (see Table 2b).

APPENDIX B

Regional Limits

---

1. It is agreed by convention that for a result to be considered statistically significant, its probability must be lower than 1 in 20 (i.e., p<.05).

2. Oil/Bulk/Ore Carrier (OBO). See Appendix A.

3. The majority of vessels classified under unknown tonnage were vessels of 15 tons or less in gross tonnage.

4. Ship includes:

1. every description of vessel, boat or craft designed, used or capable of being used solely or partly for marine navigation without regard to method or lack of propulsion, and
2. a dynamically supported craft.

5. Pleasure craft means a ship that is used for pleasure or recreation and does not carry goods or passengers for hire or reward.